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Traffic Management

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A schematic of the five zones every compliant worksite contains ! 60 TMA WORK END 100 DIRECTION OF TRAFFIC 01 ADVANCE WARNING 02 TRANSITION 03 BUFFER 04 ACTIVITY AREA 05 TERMINATION
FIG. 01 · WORKSITE SCHEMATIC
— 01 —

Visual instruction

Recorded sessions covering site setup, control device deployment, and procedural walk-throughs.

— 02 —

Authoritative standards

Direct links to the official guides published by Austroads and each state road authority.

— 03 —

Field-ready reference

Worksite anatomy, sign categories, role responsibilities, and a glossary you can carry into a toolbox talk.

Training Modules
videos
Standards Referenced
documents
Jurisdictions
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Last Compiled
Run standards.py

§ 01.1 Suggested learning path

A logical progression for new starters
STEP 01

Understand the hierarchy

Learn how Austroads, state authorities, councils, and worksite plans relate.

STEP 02

Anatomy of a worksite

The five zones every site has — from advance warning to termination.

STEP 03

Watch the modules

Video walk-throughs of real procedures, sorted chronologically.

STEP 04

Read your jurisdiction's guide

State-specific supplements always prevail over national guidance.

§ 01.2 Training team

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§ 01.3 Jurisdictions covered

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§ 01.4 Recent training sessions

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§ 02.1 RapidPlan Training

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§ 02.2 Recorded sessions

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Trainer
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— standards
§ 04.1

Hierarchy of authority

Authority over temporary traffic management flows downwards in four tiers — each tier inherits the floor set above it, and each can lift the bar but never lower it.

TIER 01
Austroads (national) Publishes the AGTTM — the foundation document all states adapt. Sets minimum benchmarks for risk management, sign placement, and worker protection.
TIER 02
State road authority Each jurisdiction (TMR, TfNSW, VicRoads/DTP, MRWA, DIT, State Growth, NT DIPL, TCCS) issues its own supplements — these prevail over Austroads where they differ.
TIER 03
Local government Councils may layer additional permit conditions for works on local roads — particularly around school zones, heritage precincts, and event corridors.
TIER 04
Site-specific TGS / TMP The Traffic Guidance Scheme and Traffic Management Plan apply the above to a specific worksite — prepared by an accredited designer and approved before deployment.
§ 04.2

State authority directory

The agencies you'll deal with for permits, accreditation, and approvals — vary by jurisdiction.

QLD
Department of Transport & Main Roads Publishes the Queensland Guide to Temporary Traffic Management (QGTTM) — the QLD adaptation of AGTTM.
NSW
Transport for NSW Issues the Traffic Control at Work Sites Manual (TCAWS) — NSW's principal field reference.
VIC
Department of Transport & Planning VicRoads supplements augment Austroads with Victoria-specific worksite requirements.
WA
Main Roads Western Australia Maintains the WA Traffic Management for Works on Roads Code of Practice.
SA · TAS · NT · ACT
State / Territory authorities DIT (SA), Department of State Growth (TAS), DIPL (NT), and TCCS (ACT) each issue their own permits and amendments.
§ 04.3

The anatomy of a worksite

Every compliant worksite — from a single-lane patch to a multi-kilometre corridor — is built from the same five zones, in the same order, in the direction of traffic.

DIRECTION OF TRAVEL END 01 ADVANCE WARNING 02 TRANSITION TAPER 03 BUFFER EMPTY ZONE 04 ACTIVITY WORK AREA 05 TERMINATION END ROADWORK
ZONE 01
Advance warning Sequential signs warn approaching drivers and progressively reduce the speed limit.
ZONE 02
Transition (taper) Cones and channelling devices angle inward to merge or close lanes smoothly.
ZONE 03
Longitudinal buffer An empty separation between the taper end and the activity — never used as work area.
ZONE 04
Activity area Where work occurs. Must include a lateral buffer between the work and live traffic.
ZONE 05
Termination END ROADWORK sign and gradual return to normal speed and lane configuration.
§ 04.4

Sign categories used at worksites

Australian temporary signage follows AS 1742.3 conventions. The three families below cover the vast majority of devices you'll see — supplemented by electronic VMS and barrier-mounted lights.

!
T-SERIES Temporary warning Black symbol on amber diamond. The "roadworks ahead" family — workers, surface, equipment.
60
R-SERIES Regulatory White face, red border. Speed limits, STOP, no entry — legally enforceable.
W-SERIES Permanent warning Black on yellow diamond. Curves, intersections, hazards — kept active during works.
DETOUR
G-SERIES Guide / direction Green on white. Detour routes, advisory directions, distance markers.
VMS Variable message LED-matrix display. Used for changing conditions and high-volume corridors.
DEVICES Channelling Cones, bollards, T-top tubes, barrier boards — guide vehicles through transitions.
§ 04.5

Roles & responsibilities

Specific titles vary by jurisdiction — the functions do not. Every worksite involves these layers of accountability.

Role Function Typical accreditation
Traffic ControllerTC On-site stop/slow operation at lane closures, intersections, and crossings. The most visible role on any TGS. Statement of attainment per jurisdiction (e.g. RIIWHS205 unit).
Traffic Management ImplementerTMI Installs, monitors, and removes the TGS in line with the approved drawing — the bridge between the designer and the road. Implementer accreditation (varies — RIIBEF305 or state-specific).
Traffic Management DesignerTMD Prepares the TGS or TMP. Selects sign sequences, taper geometry, buffer lengths, and risk controls for site conditions. Designer-level accreditation; may require RPEQ or equivalent for high-risk works.
Principal ContractorPC Holds the head WHS duty for the workplace. Ensures the TGS is approved, implemented, and inspected throughout works. WHS Act duty-holder — no specific TTM ticket required.
Project / road authority engineerRTW Reviews and authorises the TMP for works on the network. Verifies design suitability against the local supplement. RPEQ/CPEng or jurisdiction-equivalent professional registration.
§ 04.6

Hierarchy of control

Ranked strongest to weakest. Always work down the list — exhaust elimination before reaching for PPE.

Eliminate Remove the hazard entirely — close the road, defer to night, redesign the works.
Strongest
Substitute Replace with something less hazardous — switch to off-peak hours, lower-risk methods.
Strong
Engineer Physical separation — concrete barriers, attenuators, shadow vehicles, longer buffers.
Medium
Administrative Procedures, signage, training, SWMS — relies on people following rules.
Weak
PPE High-vis, helmets, boots, eyewear. Last line of defence — never the only line.
Weakest
§ 04.7

Site setup checklist

A shortened working checklist — not a substitute for the approved TGS. Tap any item to mark it done.

Pre-deployment before arrival

  • SWMS reviewed & signed
  • TGS approved and on-site
  • Weather & visibility check
  • Equipment count & condition audit
  • Crew briefed on role assignments
  • Communications protocol confirmed

Deployment install

  • Install in direction of approaching traffic
  • Verify sign sequence & spacing
  • Taper geometry matches TGS
  • Buffer length confirmed
  • Lateral buffer maintained throughout
  • END ROADWORK sign placed last

Monitoring during works

  • Routine visual inspections logged
  • Damaged devices replaced promptly
  • Watch for unauthorised changes
  • Communicate site-condition changes
  • Adjust if traffic patterns shift

Removal pack-down

  • Remove against traffic flow
  • Reverse order of installation
  • Restore road markings & lines
  • Confirm no devices left behind
  • Notify principal contractor of completion
§ 04.8

Common worksite configurations

Schematic only — not to scale and not a substitute for an approved TGS. Real geometry is governed by speed zone, lane width, and sight distance.

CLOSED LANE

Single lane closure TGS-01

One direction, one lane reduced. Most common configuration — taper merges into the live lane.

DETOUR

Full closure with detour TGS-02

Both directions stopped. Detour signposted on alternate route — requires advance notification.

WORK ZONE

Lane shift TGS-03

Both directions shifted laterally to clear a centre work zone. Used for centre-median works.

TMA WORK

Mobile worksite TGS-04

Slow-moving work convoy with truck-mounted attenuator (TMA). Used for line marking, sweeping.

§ 04.9

Acronyms & abbreviations

The shorthand you'll encounter in TMPs, TGSs, permits, and toolbox talks across Australian jurisdictions.

AGTTMAustroads Guide to Temporary Traffic Management
TGSTraffic Guidance Scheme — site-specific layout
TMPTraffic Management Plan — strategic-level document
TCPTraffic Control Plan (legacy term, varies)
TCTraffic Controller (accredited)
TMITraffic Management Implementer
TMDTraffic Management Designer
TMATruck-Mounted Attenuator (impact protection)
WZWork Zone
VMSVariable Message Sign
SWMSSafe Work Method Statement
JSAJob Safety Analysis
WHSWork Health & Safety
LTILost Time Injury
RPEQRegistered Professional Engineer of Queensland
CPEngChartered Professional Engineer
QGTTMQueensland Guide to TTM
TCAWSTraffic Control at Work Sites (NSW)
TMRTransport & Main Roads (QLD)
TfNSWTransport for NSW
MRWAMain Roads Western Australia
DITDept. for Infrastructure & Transport (SA)
DIPLDept. of Infrastructure, Planning & Logistics (NT)
TCCSTransport Canberra & City Services (ACT)
BUFFERSeparation between traffic & work area
TAPERGradual lane-closure transition
SPEED ZONETemporary regulatory speed limit area
RTWRoad authority engineer / Road tenancy works approval
§ 04.10

Frequently asked questions

Common questions from new starters and crew leaders. General guidance only — your jurisdiction's supplement and the approved TGS always prevail.

Q.01 Do I need a TGS for a 30-minute job on a quiet road? +
Almost always, yes. Even short-duration works that affect the carriageway require a documented control measure. Some jurisdictions allow generic "low-impact" or "minor works" TGSs for very short jobs, but the obligation to plan, brief, and record doesn't disappear because the duration is short — the legal duty under WHS legislation still applies.
Q.02 What's the difference between a TGS and a TMP? +
A TMP (Traffic Management Plan) is the strategic document — it covers the whole project, including stakeholder engagement, network impacts, and staging. A TGS (Traffic Guidance Scheme) is the tactical drawing — the specific layout for a single shift or worksite. A project usually has one TMP and many TGSs.
Q.03 Do worksite speed limits apply to emergency vehicles? +
Authorised emergency vehicles responding to an incident under lights and sirens are generally exempt from the posted limit, but they remain bound by a duty to drive with due care for workers. They are not exempt from physical obstacles — the layout must still be passable. Notify your TC if emergency access is foreseeable.
Q.04 Who is legally responsible if a TGS fails? +
Responsibility is shared and layered. The Principal Contractor holds the head WHS duty. The Designer is responsible for the TGS being fit for purpose. The Implementer is responsible for installing it as drawn. The Traffic Controller is responsible for their on-site actions. WHS regulators look at the whole chain — and at whether each duty-holder discharged their duty.
Q.05 How often must signs and devices be inspected? +
At minimum, after deployment, after every shift change, after any incident, and at the intervals specified in the TGS — which for higher-risk sites can be every two hours. Many road authorities require documented inspections; have a sign-off sheet on site. Storms, vandalism, and impacts can disrupt a layout in seconds.
Q.06 Can I deviate from an approved TGS on the spot? +
Only the Designer (or someone with equivalent authority) can change the layout. If site conditions don't match the TGS — sight distance is shorter than assumed, traffic is heavier, weather has changed — the right action is to stop, secure the site, and contact the Designer. Document the change and re-brief the crew before resuming.
Q.07 Why is a buffer zone always empty? +
Because it's an error margin. The buffer absorbs late-merging vehicles, vehicles that overshoot the taper, and impact-attenuator deployment distance. Putting workers, materials, or plant in the buffer defeats its purpose. The buffer length is calculated from the speed zone — at 80 km/h it's substantially longer than at 40 km/h.
Q.08 Are temporary speed limits enforceable? +
Yes — temporary regulatory speed signs (R-series, white face with red border) carry the full weight of the road rules and are routinely enforced. Drivers caught speeding through worksites face increased penalties in most jurisdictions. Advisory amber-on-black signs ("Recommended 40") are guidance, not regulatory.
§ 04.11

Speed-zone dimensions reference

Indicative geometry for standard lane-closure layouts. Real values come from the AGTTM dimension tables and your jurisdiction's supplement — these figures should orient a design conversation, not replace one.

Speed zone Sign spacing Taper length
(per lane)
Longitudinal buffer Lateral buffer Min sight distance
40 km/h40 m20 m30 m0.6 m50 m
50 km/h50 m30 m40 m0.6 m65 m
60 km/h60 m40 m50 m1.0 m85 m
70 km/h80 m55 m65 m1.0 m110 m
80 km/h100 m70 m85 m1.2 m140 m
90 km/h120 m90 m110 m1.2 m170 m
100 km/h150 m110 m140 m1.5 m205 m
110 km/h180 m135 m170 m1.5 m250 m
Note · Indicative values only Actual dimensions depend on lane width, road class (urban / rural / motorway), grade, weather, sight distance, and vehicle mix. Always reference the table that applies in your jurisdiction. Designers should verify against the current AGTTM Part 3 and the relevant state supplement before issuing a TGS.
§ 04.12

Accreditation matrix

Which credentials apply to which roles, and where they're recognised. Specific unit codes evolve — confirm the current requirement with the issuing authority before booking training.

Credential TC TMI TMD RTW Recognised in
Traffic ControllerRIIWHS205 unit of competency Required Required National baseline; state cards required
Implement TTMRIIBEF305 / RIICWD503 Required Recommended NSW · QLD · VIC · WA · SA · TAS
Design TGSState-specific designer accreditation Required Recommended Each state issues its own ticket
White CardCPCWHS1001 Required Required Required Required National — every construction site
RPEQ / CPEngProfessional engineering registration High-risk works Typical QLD (RPEQ) · National (CPEng)
First aid + LVRHLTAID011 / HLTAID009 At least one per crew At least one per crew National

Refresher cycles vary by jurisdiction — most state cards require renewal every 3 years. Some authorities require additional state-specific training (e.g. NSW yellow / blue / orange cards) in addition to the national unit of competency.

§ 04.13

Common incident patterns & control

Patterns that recur across Australian worksites — drawn from regulator briefings and operational debriefs. The control measure column is what experienced designers add to the next TGS after seeing the failure.

Severity · High CASE 01

Vehicle intrusion into the work area

A driver fails to merge at the taper and continues straight into the closed lane, striking workers or plant.

Control Use a TMA (truck-mounted attenuator) at the buffer zone for any speed zone above 60 km/h, regardless of duration.
Severity · High CASE 02

Worker struck while collecting cones

During pack-down, a worker walks into live traffic to retrieve a cone. Pack-down is statistically as dangerous as setup.

Control Reverse-direction removal — pack down against the flow, never with it. Use shadow vehicle protection.
Severity · Medium CASE 03

Sign sequence not matching TGS

Crew installs signs out of order or skips a sign because of a tight start. Approach drivers receive contradictory information.

Control Pre-stage signs in installation order on the truck. TC verifies sequence before traffic exposure.
Severity · Medium CASE 04

Buffer zone occupied by stored materials

Delivered material is staged in the buffer because the activity area is congested. Defeats the buffer's purpose.

Control Designate a separate laydown area outside the TGS. Brief crew that the buffer is permanently empty.
Severity · Medium CASE 05

VMS message faulty or stale

Variable message sign continues displaying a message after conditions change, or shows incomplete text after partial failure.

Control Visual VMS check during routine site inspections. Maintenance log on the unit. Battery / solar status verified daily.
Severity · Low CASE 06

Driver complaints about delays

Public frustration with stop/slow operations — sometimes escalates to verbal abuse or near-miss with the controller.

Control TC briefing on de-escalation. Body cams in some jurisdictions. Rotating TC every 2 hours reduces fatigue-driven friction.
§ 04.14

Worked example — designing a lane-closure TGS

A walkthrough of how a designer arrives at concrete numbers from a brief. The figures shown here come from §04.11 — in practice you'd verify against the current jurisdictional supplement.

The brief

Works
Stormwater pit replacement, single shift
Location
Suburban arterial, two lanes each way, no median
Posted speed
60 km/h
Lane affected
Kerbside lane, one direction
Duration
06:00 — 16:00 (single day)
Constraints
Bus stop within zone · pedestrian footpath active · no detour available

The reasoning

Establish the regulatory basis 60 km/h zone, suburban arterial, single-lane closure → Cat 3 in most jurisdictions. AGTTM Part 3 + state supplement apply.§04.1
Apply the dimensions table Sign spacing 60 m · taper 40 m · longitudinal buffer 50 m · lateral buffer 1.0 m · sight distance min 85 m.§04.11
Run the hierarchy of control Cannot eliminate (works essential). Cannot substitute (no overnight option). Engineer: TMA at buffer + concrete kerbside protection. Admin: SWMS, TC. PPE last.§04.6
Address site-specific risks Bus stop relocated 80 m upstream with operator notice. Pedestrian footpath kept open with hoarding. School pickup window (15:00–16:00) flagged for additional TC.
Document & submit TGS drawing prepared (taper geometry to scale), TMP narrative covering staging, road authority RTW approval lodged ≥ 5 working days prior, council notified.§04.5
Brief & deploy Pre-start with crew, SWMS sign-off, install in order against traffic, verify spacing on first pass, monitor at 2-hour intervals, pack down against traffic flow.§04.7
§ 04.15

Interactive sign sandbox

Drag and position temporary signs on the sample road layout to trial basic placement ideas.

Tip: click and drag any sign block to move it around the lane.

Standards do not replace judgement on the ground. They define the floor — the engineer or controller is still responsible for the ceiling.
— Working principle, AGTTM
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